Introduction
In this blog/article, you will learn about some important terminologies and topics of child development and pedagogy frequently asked in CTET, B.Ed., and NET exams. This article outlines many optimization strategies to boost your teaching.
Horace Mann
Horace Mann is often referred to as the Father of American Education.
Lord Macaulay
Lord Macaulay is known as the father and founder of the current education system.
Lord Macaulay is also known as the father of modern education in India.
Friedrich Fröbel is known as the father of the kindergarten.
W.H. Killpatrick is known as the father of the project method.
Maria Montessori is known as the mother of the Montessori method.
Henry Edward Armstrong is known as the father of the Heuristic method
Helen Parkhurst is known as the mother of the Dalton method.
Franklin Bobbit is recognized as the founder of modern curriculum theory.
Edward
L Thorndike is known as the father of
educational psychology.
· Plato is
widely considered the father of educational philosophy.
Charles Spearman proposed the two-factor theory of intelligence.
Wolfgang Kohler has given the insight
theory of learning. The Insight theory of learning is also known as the Gestalt theory of learning
Edward L.Thorndike has proposed the trial-and-error theory
Bruner’s theory is associated
with discovery learning
Maslow is related to the self-actualization theory
Lev Vygotsky is associated
with the social constructivist approach to learning
Jean Piaget is associated with the cognitive constructivist approach to learning
Pavlov and Skinner proposed the Behaviourist theory of learning
Pavlov is related to the classical conditioning theory
Skinner is associated with the operant conditioning theory
Bacon said, Mathematics is the door and key of science.
Benjamin
Peirce said, Mathematics is a science
which draws necessary conclusions
Armstrong
has given the Heuristic method.
· Ovide Decroly is widely recognized as the father of inclusive
education.
· John Dewey
said, "A just society begins in a classroom where questions are welcomed".
· According to Plato, teaching is the process of guiding
students towards objective knowledge through the reasoned understanding of
truth.
· According to Confucius, teaching is defined as the process of
leading toward self-cultivation.
· According to B.O Smith, teaching is a system of actions
designed to induce learning.
· According to N.L Gage, teaching is an interpersonal influence
aimed at changing the behaviour potential of another person.
· According to HC Morrison, teaching is an intimate contact between the more mature personality and a less mature one.
· According to Jackson, teaching is a face-to-face encounter
between two or more persons, one of whom (the teacher) intends to effect certain
changes in other participants (students).
· According to Skinner, teaching is the arrangement of
contingencies of reinforcement.
Pedagogy
· The father of modern Pedagogy is Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi. His immense contribution is in establishing the scientific foundations of the teaching-learning process.
· Pedagogy and Pedagogue come from the Greek Paidos “boy, child” plus agogos “leader”.
· Pedagogy is the method and practice of teaching, especially as an academic subject or theoretical concept.
· Pedagogy is the “art”, science, or profession of teaching.
Pedagogy of Mathematics
· Pedagogy of Mathematics means the science of teaching
Mathematics.
· Pedagogy of Mathematics refers to the methods and
strategies used to effectively teach mathematical concepts.
· Pedagogy of Mathematics encompasses the theory and
practice of teaching Mathematics, including the specific interactions between
teachers and students, selection and presentation of content, and the use of various
teaching approaches and resources.
Click the link below to know
Key features of the Mathematics Pedagogy Mathematics
The Pedagogy of Physical Science refers to
the theory and practice of teaching physical science, focusing on the methods,
strategies, and principles for effective science education.
Fluency
means having an easy and smooth flow and rhythm when speaking.
Social interaction
· Social interaction is how we act and
react to those around us.
· Social interaction includes those acts people/children
perform toward each other and the responses they give in return.
· As children grow and learn, they require social
interactions with others to form a sense of self and to develop their
cognitive, emotional, and language skills.
· Some common examples of social interaction are peer
groups, buying food from a street vendor, and family members engaged in a conversation.
Heuristic method
· Heuristic method
is a method of teaching that involves placing of children as far as
possible in the attitude of a discoverer.
· In the Heuristic
method, the student has to find the answer to his/her problem by
unaided efforts.
Piaget's Inductive Logic
Inductive
logic refers to the process of drawing a general principle from a specific experience.
Piaget's Conservation
Conservation
means that when something changes in shape or appearance, it remains the same.
Piaget theory on cognitive development
3 ways to educate intellectually and academically advanced children than their peers
Lawrence Kohlberg's Moral Reasoning
Describe the Kohlberg's theory of moral development. VBU Bed 2019-21
Language disorder
A
Language disorder is an impairment of comprehension and/or use of a spoken,
written, and/or other symbol system. It may involve language's form, content, and/ or function.
Speech disorder
A speech disorder
is impaired voice, articulation or speech sounds, and/ or fluency.
Dysarthria
Dysarthria
is a Speech disorder caused by muscle weakness (including face,
lips, tongue, and throat) controlled by the nervous system.
Apraxia
Apraxia
is defined as a speech disorder when the neural path between the nervous system
and the muscles responsible for speech production is obscured or lost.
Lisping
A lisping speech disorder is defined as the incapability of producing sibilant consonants
(z or s) correctly.
Cluttering
Cluttering
is characterized by a patient’s speech being too jerky, too rapid, or both.
Stuttering
· Stuttering is also called stammering and
childhood-onset fluency disorder.
· Stuttering is a speech condition that disrupts the
normal flow of speech.
· Stuttering is a neuro-developmental speech disorder
that commences when neural connections supporting language, speech, and
emotional functions are quickly changing, and is characterized by core
behavior that usually takes the form of involuntary stoppages and repetition.
Articulation disorder
· Articulation disorder is also called functional
speech disorder or articulation delay.
· Articulation disorder is the inability to produce
sounds correctly in speech.
· An articulation disorder involves the substitution, addition,
omission, or distortion of speech sounds that may negatively impact message
intelligibility, for example, producing the word [sun] as [tun].
Motor speech disorder
Motor speech disorders are associated with acquired or developmental
neurologic impairments such as cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, and
traumatic brain injury.
PYQs
1. Dysgraphia is a
.................................. CTET-2023
(a)
Speech disorder characterized by stuttering and errors in articulation
(b)
Locomotor disorder characterized by gross motor impairment
(c)
Neurological disorder
characterized by trouble in forming letters and shapes
(d)
Psychological disorder characterized by lack of attention and impulsive
behavior
2. While
..................... agencies of socialism are predominantly important in
infancy, ...................... agencies
of socialism also become important in early childhood. CTET-2023
(a)
Tertiary, Secondary
(b) Primary, Secondary
(c)
Secondary, Primary
(d)
Secondary, tertiary
