23 Essential Terminologies of Cloud computing

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 23 Essential Terminologies of Cloud computing

Introduction

In this article, you will be able to know and learn about some essential terminologies related to cloud computing and AWS (Amazon Web Services).

Datacenter

·       Data center refers to a large group of networked computer servers typically used by organizations for the remote storage, processing, or distribution of large amounts of data.

·       Data center is a facility that provides shared access to applications and data using a complex network, computing, and storage infrastructure.

·       A modern data center houses an organization’s data systems in a well-protected physical and storage infrastructure along with servers, storage systems, networking switches, routers, firewalls, cabling, and physical racks.

Cloud

·       A cloud is a type of server, which is remote (usually in data centers) meaning you access it via the internet.

·       You are renting the cloud server space, rather than owning the server.

·       Large clouds often have functions distributed over multiple locations, each of which is a data center.

·       AWS (Amazon Web Services) is the world’s most comprehensive and broadly adopted cloud platform.

Cloud server

·       A cloud server is a pooled, centralized server resource that is hosted and delivered over a network-typically the internet and accessed on demand by multiple users.

·       Cloud servers can deliver processing power, storage, and applications.

·       The primary function of a cloud server is storage.

·       Cloud servers avoid the hardware issues seen with physical servers.

·       Cloud servers provide more resources and faster service.

·       Cloud servers are very easy and quick to upgrade by adding memory and disk space.

·       Cloud servers are stable, fast, and secure.

·       A cloud-hosted website runs fast.

·       Cloud servers are more affordable.

·       Cloud server is most often a mighty virtual IT infrastructure that can host data, applications, information, and other components.

·       Some common examples of Cloud servers are Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instances, Microsoft Azure instances, and Google computes engine instances.

Cloud region

Cloud region refers to the actual, real-life geographic location of your public cloud resources.

Cloud zones

·       Cloud regions are collections of zones.

·       Cloud zones have high bandwidth and low-latency network connections to other zones in the same region.

Cloud computing

·       Cloud computing refers to the practice of using a network of remote servers hosted on the internet to store, manage, and process data,  rather than a local server or personal computer.

·       Cloud computing is the on-demand availability of computer system resources especially data storage and computing power, without direct active management by the user.

·       Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services – including servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence- over the internet (“the cloud”) to offer faster innovation, flexible resources, and economies of scale.

·       Cloud computing makes data backup, disaster recovery, and business continuity easier and less expensive.

·       Companies involved in cloud computing are Amazon, Microsoft, and IBM.

A brief history of cloud computing

Cloud computing was invented by JCR Licklider (Joseph Carl Robnett Licklider) in the early 1960s.

Different types of Cloud computing are:

Private cloud

·       Private cloud refers to a cloud computing model where the infrastructure is dedicated to a single-user organization.

·       A private cloud serves a single client organization (tenant), and is managed by a third party.

·       A private cloud is a service that is completely controlled by a single organization and not shared with others.

·       Some common examples of private cloud are HPE GreenLake and Azure stack.

Public clouds

·       A public cloud refers to an IT model where on-demand computing services and infrastructure are managed by a third-party provider and shared with multiple organizations using the public internet.

·       A public cloud shares the same hardware, storage, and network devices with other organizations or cloud “tenants” and manages accounts using a web browser.

·       Public cloud service providers use groups of data centers that are partitioned into virtual machines and shared by tenants.

·       Public cloud service providers offer cloud-based services like infrastructure as a service (IaaS), Platform as a service (PaaS), or software as a service (SaaS) to users for either a monthly or pay-per-use fee.

·       A public cloud is a subscription service that is offered to anyone and all customers who want similar services for purchase.

·       A public cloud eliminates the need for users to host the cloud-based services on-site in their own data center.

·       Microsoft Azure is an example of a public cloud.

Hybrid clouds

·       Hybrid cloud refers to a cloud in which applications are running in a combination of different environments.

·       Hybrid cloud is an IT infrastructure that connects at least one public cloud and at least one private cloud and provides orchestration, management, and application portability between them to create a single, flexible, optimal cloud environment for running a company’s computing workloads.

·       AWS storage gateway is a hybrid storage service that enables on-premises workloads to use AWS cloud storage. Capabilities such as File Gateway, Tape Gateway, and volume Gateway help manage hybrid cloud workloads, backup and restore, and disaster recovery use cases.

Multi-clouds

·       Multi-cloud refers to the presence of more than one cloud deployment of the same type (public or private) sourced from different vendors.

·       A multi-cloud strategy gives companies the freedom to use the best possible cloud for each workload.

·       For example, a business might use AWS for data storage, Google cloud platform for development and testing, and Microsoft Azure for disaster recovery.

Cloud migration

·       Cloud migration refers to the process of moving a company’s digital assets, services, databases, IT resources, and applications either partially or wholly, into the cloud.

·       Cloud migration is also about moving from one cloud to another.

AWS

·       AWS stands for Amazon Web Services.

·       AWS is a subsidiary of Amazon.

·       AWS provides on-demand cloud computing platforms and APIs to individuals, companies, and governments, on a metered pay-as-you-go basis.

·       AWS provides distributed computing processing capacity and software tools via AWS server farms.

·       In 2006, AWS began offering IT infrastructure services to businesses in the form of web services now commonly known as cloud computing.

·       AWS is the world’s most comprehensive and broadly adopted cloud platform, offering over 200 fully featured services from data centers globally.

·       AWS includes a mixture of infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS), platform-as-a-service (PaaS), and packaged software-as-a-service (SaaS) client-server technology- the relationship between a client (your laptop browser) and the server (the machine sitting on the back end and receiving your browser requests). These services are also referred to as cloud service models or cloud computing service models.

Different types of Cloud computing services are:

IaaS

·       IaaS is a cloud computing service model by means of which computing resources are supplied by a cloud service provider.

·       The IaaS vendor provides storage, network, servers, and virtualization.

·       Some popular examples of IaaS include AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud, Digital Ocean, and Linode.

·       The first major provider of IaaS was Amazon in 2008.

PaaS

PaaS is a category of cloud computing services that allows customers to provision, instantiate, run, and manage a modular bundle comprising a computing platform and one or more applications.

SaaS

·       SaaS is also known as “on-demand software” and web-based/web-hosted software.

·       SaaS is a software licensing and delivery model in which software is licensed on a subscription basis and is centrally hosted.

·       SaaS is a way of delivering applications over the internet as a service.

·       SaaS is a form of cloud computing that delivers an application and all its underlying IT infrastructure and platforms to users.

·       SaaS allows users to connect to and use cloud-based apps over the internet.

·       Some common examples of SaaS services are office 365 and Google docs, customer relationship management software (salesforce), and event management software (planning pod).

·       Examples of popular SaaS providers include Big Commerce, Google workspace, and salesforce.

Modern threats with SaaS-delivered security

The top seven SaaS security risks are:

·       Misconfigurations

·       Access management

·       Regulatory compliance

·       Data storage

·       Data retention

·       Privacy and data breaches

·       Data Disaster

Different types of storage in AWS

Object storage

·       Object storage is also known as object-based storage.

·       Object storage is a computer data storage architecture designed to store and manage large amounts of unstructured data. Unstructured data can be photos, videos, emails, web pages, sensor data, and audio files.

·       Cloud object storage systems distribute unstructured data across multiple physical devices but allow users to access the content efficiently from a single, virtual storage repository.

·       Object storage combines the pieces of data that make up a file, adds all the user-created metadata to that file, and attaches a custom identifier.

 File storage

·       Cloud file storage is a method for storing data in the cloud that provides servers and applications access to data through shared file systems.

·       Cloud file storage is ideal for workloads that rely on shared file systems and provides simple integration without code changes.

·       Cloud file storage system stores data in a specific environment.

·       In a Cloud file storage system, data is stored as files in a single piece.

·       Cloud file storage only provides one path.

Block storage

·       Block storage is a cloud storage form used to store data, often on storage area networks (SANs).

·       Block storage systems can be integrated with different operating systems.

·       In block storage, data is stored in blocks.

·       Block storage architecture provides multiple paths to the data.

·       Block storage is preferred for high-performance applications.

AWS Cloud 9 Software

·       AWS Cloud 9 Software is a cloud-based integrated development environment (IDE) that lets you write, run, and debug your code with a browser.

·       AWS Cloud 9 Software combines the rich code editing features of an IDE such as code completion, hinting, and step-through debugging, with access to a full Linux server for running and storing code.

Amazon EC2

·       Amazon EC2 stands for Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud.

·       Amazon EC2 provides scalable computing capacity in the AWS cloud.

·       Amazon EC2 is a general-purpose compute-optimized, memory-optimized, storage-optimized, and accelerated computing.

·       Amazon EC2 can be used to launch as many or as few virtual servers as you need, configure, secure, network, and manage storage.

·       Amazon EC2 eliminates your need to invest in hardware upfront, so you can deploy applications faster.

·       Amazon EC2 is a web service that provides resizable computing capacity-literally servers in Amazon’s data centers.

·       Amazon EC2 provides the broadest and deepest instance choice to match your workload’s needs.

Amazon EC2 instance

·       Amazon EC2 instance is a virtual machine that represents a physical server for you to deploy your applications.

·       Amazon EC2 provides different instance types to enable you to choose the CPU, memory storage, and networking capacity that you need to run your applications.

·       Amazon EC2 supports on-demand instances (the default), spot instances, and reserved instances.

Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS)

·       Amazon EBS provides block-level storage volumes for use with EC2 instances.

·       Amazon EBS volumes behave like raw, unformatted block devices.

AWS region

·       AWS region is a separate geographic area.

·       Each AWS region has multiple, isolated locations known as availability zones.

EDR

·       EDR stands for Endpoint Detection and Response.

·       EDR is used for continuous monitoring of end-user devices (computers and servers) to detect and respond to cyber threats.

·       Endpoint logs and EDR monitoring generate alerts but they often do not provide sufficient detail to contextualize the alerts received.

MSS

·       MSS stands for Managed Security Services.

·       MSS is used to effectively respond to modern threats.

·       MSS is evolved to deliver a new breed of holistic solutions: MDR and XDR.

MDR

·       MDR stands for Managed Detection and Response.

·       MDR is a complete monitoring of a network and alert escalation to full remediation of security events detected.

·       An MDR solution improves the signal-to-noise ratio of alerts, closing telemetry gaps, and narrowing talent gaps.

XDR

·       XDR stands for Extended Detection and Response.

·       XDR combines data from multiple sources, almost always including EDR, but often including data from other systems.

·       XDR platforms incorporate data from multiple sources, including cloud platforms, email, network traffic capture, EDR, and endpoint logs, enabling MDR providers to contextualize alerts the same way their customers do.

Endpoint in AWS

·       An endpoint in AWS is the URL of the entry point for an AWS web service. The AWS SDKs and the AWS command line interface (AWS CLI) automatically use the default endpoint for each service in an AWS region.

·       Endpoints in AWS are physical devices that connect to and exchange information with a computer network.

·       Some examples of endpoints in AWS are mobile devices, desktop computers, virtual machines, embedded devices, and servers.

Weaponizer in AWS

Weaponizer in AWS is an all-in-one solution for weapon design, as a VST/AU/AAX.

CKC

·       CKC stands for Cyber Kill Chain

·       CKC is developed by Lockheed Martin (2011).

·       The CKC outlines the various stages of several common cyber-attacks and, by extension, the points at which the information security team can prevent, detect or intercept attackers.

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